"0","```r
# we can practice building our own functions to count up the species
countFcn <- function(df){
  count <- length(which(df>0))
  return(count)
} 
raw.S <- apply(scpdSM, 1, countFcn)
# or you can do the same calculation using a built-in function (specnumber) in vegan
specnumber(scpdSM)
```"
"1"," 752.31 2758.47  4639.2  5893.1  7021.6  7899.3  8902.3 10156.2   11410 12663.9 13917.7 15171.6 16425.4 
      9      12      11      12      11       9      13       7      12       9      13      11      12 
17679.3 
     12 
"
